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# OAuth 2.0 授权码流程(Authorization Code Flow)
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## 角色定义
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- **资源拥有者(Resource Owner)**:最终用户。
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- **客户端(Client)**:请求资源的应用程序。
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- **授权服务器(Authorization Server)**:负责验证用户并发放令牌。
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- **资源服务器(Resource Server)**:提供受保护资源的 API。
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---
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## 步骤一:引导用户进行授权
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客户端构造如下 URL,引导用户跳转至授权服务器:
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```
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GET /authorize?
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response_type=code&
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client_id=CLIENT_ID&
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redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&
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scope=read write&
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state=STATE
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```
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> 用户登录并授权客户端访问其资源。
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---
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## 步骤二:授权服务器返回授权码
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授权服务器将用户重定向回客户端,附带授权码:
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```
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GET REDIRECT_URI?code=AUTH_CODE&state=STATE
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```
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---
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## 步骤三:客户端使用授权码换取访问令牌
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客户端使用授权码向授权服务器发起 POST 请求:
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```
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POST /token
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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grant_type=authorization_code&
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code=AUTH_CODE&
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redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&
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client_id=CLIENT_ID&
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client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET
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```
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---
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## 步骤四:授权服务器返回访问令牌
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授权服务器返回 JSON 响应:
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```json
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{
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"access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
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"token_type": "Bearer",
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"expires_in": 3600,
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"refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN"
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}
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```
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---
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## 步骤五:客户端使用访问令牌访问资源
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客户端通过 `Authorization` 请求头访问受保护资源:
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```
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GET /userinfo
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Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN
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```
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---
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## 步骤六(可选):使用刷新令牌换取新令牌
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当 access_token 过期后,客户端可以使用 refresh_token 获取新的令牌:
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```
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POST /token
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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grant_type=refresh_token&
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refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN&
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client_id=CLIENT_ID&
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client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET
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```
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---
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## 流程简图(文字表示)
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```
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Client ──> [GET /authorize] ──> Auth Server ──> 用户授权
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↓
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redirect_uri?code=xxx
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↓
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Client ──> [POST /token] ──> Auth Server ──> access_token
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↓
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Client ──> [GET /resource] ──> Resource Server
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```
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---
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